Ok, I don’t have an official list, but these three proverbs tend to be the first new learners learn. I like pushing ことわざ kotowaza proverbs and other famous sayings because you essentially kill two birds with one stone – 1) you can learn new vocabulary and 2) learn a bit of cultural Japanese.
Speaking of killing birds:
#1: 一石二鳥 isseki ni chou
MEANING: “to kill two birds with one stone” lit: “one stone; two birds”
BREAK IT DOWN:
一石 isseki
(This is ICHI with SEKI = ISSEKI (the ICHI becomes いっ, making a short skip between I and SEKI))
“ichi – one; seki – stone, rock”
二 ni
“two”
鳥 chou
“bird”
(OTHER READINGS: tori)
NOTE: this is the same as the English, to kill 2 birds with 1 stone.
#2: 猿も木から落ちる。 saru mo ki kara ochiru.
MEANING: “Even monkeys fall from trees. (Even experts mess up once in a while.)”
BREAK IT DOWN:
猿 saru
(Other readings: en)
“monkey”
も mo = “also, too”
木 ki
(Other readings: MOKU, BOKU)
“tree”
(OTHER: MOKU YOU BI – Thursday)
から kara = “from”
落ちる ochiru
“to fall, drop”
#3: 十人十色 juu nin to iro
MEANING: “different strokes for different folks” lit: “10 people; 10 colors”
BREAK IT DOWN:
十 juu
“ten”
(OTHER READINGS: to)
人 nin
“people, person”
(OTHER READINGS: hito, jin)
色 iro
“color”
(OTHER READINGS: shoku)