Particles
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|This is a multipurpose marker: | |This is a multipurpose marker: | ||
| - | + | # indirect object (receiver) 本を あなたに あげます。hon o anata ni agemasu(I) give you a book. | |
| - | + | # place where something is going to 東京に いきます toukyou ni ikimasu (I) am going to Tokyo. (can also use へ) | |
| - | + | # time (at, in) ７時に しゅっぱつ。shichi ji ni shuppatsu(I) will leave at 7. | |
| - | + | # in/at a place 東京に すんでいます。toukyou ni sundeimasu (I) live in Tokyo. | |
| - | + | # purpose (to) コーヒに しましょう。kouhi ni shimashou - Let's have coffee. | |
|- | |- | ||
|で | |で | ||
de | de | ||
|This is also a multipurpose marker: | |This is also a multipurpose marker: | ||
| - | + | # by means of くるま で いきましょう。kuruma de ikimashou Let's go by (means of) car. | |
| - | + | # place where the action happens いえで テレビを みます。 ie de terebi o mimasu(I) watch tv at home. | |
| - | + | # cause, reason たいふうで 木が たおれました。taifuu de ki ga taoremashita - Because of the typhoon, a tree fell. | |
|} | |} | ||
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Revision as of 08:14, 6 August 2006
| は
wa | This is the topic marker. Used when changing or refreshing topics in conversation
わたしは watashi wa - 'I' The 'I' is the big idea of what is being talked about. Always translated as 'I' never 'me.' |
| が
ga | This is the subject marker. The one doing the action.
わたしが watashi ga - 'I' The 'I' is the subject of the action. Always translated as 'I' never 'me.' |
| を
o | This is the direct object marker.The thing acted upon.
コーヒを のみます。kouhi o nomimasu(I) drink coffee. |
| へ
e | This is a directional marker. to, toward
東京へ いきます toukyou he ikimasu(I) am going to Tokyo. (can also use に) |
| に
ni | This is a multipurpose marker:
|
| で
de | This is also a multipurpose marker:
|
| から kara - from (a starting point in time or place) | アメリカ から きました。
amerika kara kimashita. (I) came from America. | |
| まで made - until, through, as far as | TIME:
私は７時から８時まで日本語を勉強します。 watashi wa shichi ji kara hachi ji made nihongo wo benkyou shimasu. I study Japanese from seven until eight. | PLACE:
ここから東京まで３０分かかりました。 koko kara toukyou made sanjuu pun kakarimashita. From here to Tokyo, it took 30 minutes. |
| の no - 's, of (possessive)
私の本です。 watashi no hon desu. (it's) my book. | アメリカのフロリダ州から来ました。
amerika no furorida shuu kara kimashita. (I) came from America's Florida state. (I came from Florida, America.) | |
| とか toka - and, or -> etc. (used in lists of 2 or more things and then the list continues) | 学校で英語とかフランス語とかドイツ語などを勉強しました。
gakkou de eigo toka furansu go toka doitsu go nado wo benkyou shimashita. In school, I studied English, and French, and German... | 何か飲む？ お茶とかコーラとか。。。
nanika nomu? ocha toka kora toka... Wanna drink something? Tea... or Coke ... or... |
| や ya - and -> etc. (used in lists of 2 or more nouns and then the list continues) | お茶やコーヒーがあ る。
ocha ya ko-hi- ga aru. (We) have tea and coffee... | |
| も mo - also, too | 私も熊のプーさんが好き。
watashi mo kuma no pu-san ga suki. I like Winnie the Pooh too! | ドイツ語も話せる。
doitsu go mo hanaseru. I can also speak German. |
| が ga - but | 熊のプーさんが 好きですが どらえもんは あまり 好き じゃない。
kuma no pu-san ga suki desu ga, Doraemon wa amari suki ja nai. I like Winnie the Pooh but I don't like Doraemon too much. NOTE: The first ga in the above example is the subject marker | 毎日練習しますが。。。
mainichi renshuu shimasu ga... Everyday I practice but... |
| けれども kere domo - although, though | ||
| でも demo - but | ||
| しかし shikashi - but, however |
