Particles
From WagaWiki
(Fixed forum link (It was using an old format which no longer works).) |
Blutorange (Talk | contribs) m (→? de) |
||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
This is also a multipurpose marker: | This is also a multipurpose marker: | ||
# by means of <br>くるまでいきましょう。<br>kuruma de ikimashou<br>Let's go by (means of) car. | # by means of <br>くるまでいきましょう。<br>kuruma de ikimashou<br>Let's go by (means of) car. | ||
| - | # place where the action happens <br> | + | # place where the action happens <br>家でテレビを見ます。<br>ie de terebi o mimasu<br>(I) watch tv at home. |
# cause, reason<br>たいふうで木がたおれました。<br>taifuu de ki ga taoremashita<br>Because of the typhoon, a tree fell. | # cause, reason<br>たいふうで木がたおれました。<br>taifuu de ki ga taoremashita<br>Because of the typhoon, a tree fell. | ||
| + | # negation, in certain dialects<br>ドイツ国に行かで<br>doitu koku ni yukade.<br>Not go to Germany. | ||
[http://thejapanesepage.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=34&t=9453#p110958 See this post] | [http://thejapanesepage.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=34&t=9453#p110958 See this post] | ||
Revision as of 18:07, 14 May 2010
Contents |
は wa
This is the topic marker. Used when changing or refreshing topics in conversation
わたしは watashi wa - 'I' The 'I' is the big idea of what is being talked about. Always translated as 'I', never 'me.'
が ga
This is the subject marker. The one doing the action. わたしが watashi ga - 'I' The 'I' is the subject of the action. Always translated as 'I', never 'me.'
を o
This is the direct object marker. The thing acted upon.
・コーヒを のみます。
kouhi o nomimasu
(I) drink coffee.
・コーヒーのおかわりを下さい。
kouhii no okawari o kudasai
Please give me onther cup of cofee.
・左手を上げなさい。
hidarite o agenasai
・これを三つください。
kore o mittsu kudasai
・3 に2 を足すと5 になる。
san ni ni o tasuto go ni naru
音をたてるな。
oto o tateruna
・このバケツに水を入れて下さい。
kono baketsu ni mizu o irete kudasai
・ケンがろうそくに火をつけた。
Ken ga rousoku ni hi o tusketa
へ e
This is a directional marker. to, toward
東京へいきます。
toukyou e ikimasu
(I) am going to Tokyo. (can also use に)
に ni
This is a multipurpose marker:
- indirect object (receiver)
本をあなたにあげます。
hon o anata ni agemasu
(I) give you a book. - place where something is going to 東京にいきます。
toukyou ni ikimasu
(I) am going to Tokyo. (can also use へ) - time (at, in)
7時にしゅっぱつ。
shichi ji ni shuppatsu
(I) will leave at 7. - in/at a place
東京にすんでいます。
toukyou ni sundeimasu
(I) live in Tokyo. - purpose (to) コーヒにしましょう。
kouhi ni shimashou
Let's have coffee.
で de
This is also a multipurpose marker:
- by means of
くるまでいきましょう。
kuruma de ikimashou
Let's go by (means of) car. - place where the action happens
家でテレビを見ます。
ie de terebi o mimasu
(I) watch tv at home. - cause, reason
たいふうで木がたおれました。
taifuu de ki ga taoremashita
Because of the typhoon, a tree fell. - negation, in certain dialects
ドイツ国に行かで
doitu koku ni yukade.
Not go to Germany.
から kara
- from (a starting point in time or place)
アメリカからきました。
amerika kara kimashita.
(I) came from America.
家へ帰ってからお風呂に入ります。
uchi e kaette kara ofuro ni hairimasu.
(I) take a bath after returning home.
晩ご飯を食べてから、勉強をして、九時ごろねます。
bangohan o tabete kara, benkyou o shite, kyuuji goro nemasu.
After dinner, (I) study, and go to bed at about 9 o'clock.
と to
1. a conjunction simllar to "and"
オレンジとりんごとメロンが好きです。
orenji to ringo to meron ga suki desu.
I like oranges, apples and melons
2. Used to mean "with"
先生と話したいですか。
sensei to hanashitai desu ka.
Would you like to talk with the teacher?
3. A conditional
このシャンプーを買うとヘアブラシがついてきます。
kono shanpu- o kau to heaburashu ga tsuitekimasu.
This shampoo comes with a hair brush. (Lit. If you buy this shampoo it comes with a hair brush.)
まで made
- until, through, as far as
- TIME:
私は7時から8時まで日本語を勉強します。
watashi wa shichi ji kara hachi ji made nihongo wo benkyou shimasu.
I study Japanese from seven until eight.
- PLACE:
ここから東京まで30分かかりました。
koko kara toukyou made sanjuppun kakarimashita.
From here to Tokyo, it took 30 minutes.
の no
- 's, of (possessive)
私の本です。
watashi no hon desu.
(it's) my book.
アメリカのフロリダ州から来ました。
amerika no furorida shuu kara kimashita.
(I) came from America's Florida state. (I came from Florida, America.)
とか toka
- and, or -> etc. (used in lists of 2 or more things and then the list continues)
学校で英語とかフランス語とかドイツ語などを勉強しました。
gakkou de eigo toka furansu go toka doitsu go nado wo benkyou shimashita.
In school, I studied English, and French, and German...
何か飲む? お茶とかコーラとか・・・
nanika nomu? ocha toka kora toka...
Wanna drink something? Tea... or Coke ... or...
や ya
- and -> etc. (used in lists of 2 or more nouns and then the list continues)
お茶やコーヒーがあ る。
ocha ya ko-hi- ga aru.
(We) have tea and coffee...
も mo
- also, too
私も熊のプーさんが好き。
watashi mo kuma no pu-san ga suki.
I like Winnie the Pooh too!
ドイツ語も話せる。
doitsu go mo hanaseru.
I can also speak German.
が ga
- but
熊のプーさんが 好きですが どらえもんは あまり 好き じゃない。
kuma no pu-san ga suki desu ga, Doraemon wa amari suki ja nai.
I like Winnie the Pooh but I don't like Doraemon too much.
NOTE: The first ga in the above example is the subject marker
毎日練習しますが・・・
mainichi renshuu shimasu ga...
Everyday I practice but...
けれども keredomo
(Also けれど, けど)
- although, though
でも demo
- but
しかし shikashi
- but, however
For more detailed information, see the grammar pages.
