Why is 死んでいる not “dying”?

お前(まえはもう死(し)んでいる！

A few years ago, I (Clay) was surprised when my son's friend came up to me and said "Omae wa mou shindeiru!" (Jokingly, of course)

This boy is very smart but… he wasn't studying Japanese. And yet, he was able to spit out a fairly complex -- and weird -- sentence in Japanese. Once he saw my confused (and slightly frightened) face, he quickly explained that it was a internet meme.

A quick web search later, I discovered the line came from a manga/anime called 北斗(ほくと)の拳(けん) (the above video is from this anime).

It may be the only Japanese sentence some people will ever know. But at least it is useful in a fight.

Let's break down the vocabulary.

VOCABULARY

• お前 you [This can be a "fightin' word" or it can be a term of endearment among close friends. Never use this with strangers or those with higher social ranking.]
• は as for (topic marker)
• もう already
• 死んでいる dead [ている form of 死ぬ (to die)]

Okay, but let's get back to the point. Why is 死(し)んでいる not "dying"?

It's the ～ている form which corresponds to the English -ing, right?

Actually, the ～ている form has a few usages:

1. to show a progression of something happening or a continual action; -ing progressive form
2. to show a state of being that continues to the present

Both usages of ている show a continuation. One is a continuation of action (progressive -ing form) and the other is a continuation of state.

The Progressive Form -ing Meaning

The first meaning is the -ing. Here is an example:

先生(せんせい)は今(いま)、話(はな)しています。

teacher | as for | now | speaking
The teacher is speaking now.

The State of Being Meaning

Here's an example of the second meaning:

先生(せんせい)は、「明日試験(あしたしけん)がある」と言(い)っていました。

teacher | as for | tomorrow | test | exists | (quotation marker) | said
The Teacher said that there would be an exam tomorrow.

The 言(い)っていました means the teacher said something and that state (the meaning or content of what was said) is still ongoing. You could just say 言(い)いました here too, but the 「～ていました」 emphasizes that the message continues to be true.

This could also be 言いっています (present tense) since the content of the past event continues to the present. This form is often used when reporting quotes in the news. "The prime minister said (is saying)... (a quote that was said previously but the intent behind the quote continues)"

Another example would be the verb 知(し)る (to know). If you know something, you say 知(し)っている. You aren't "knowing" but you "know" - the state of being in knowledge.

Likewise, 結婚(けっこん)している means "(I) am married" rather than "(I) am marrying (now)." The state of being married.

死(し)んでいる means someone or something died and, unless we are in a zombie apocalypse, that state hasn't changed. He/it is still dead -- not deading. The state of being dead.

So, to wrap things up, the meme お前(まえ)もう死(し)んでいる！ should be translated "You are already dead!" rather than "You are already dying!"