Note: "おはようございます" is used to greet someone in the morning, typically until around 10 am. The "ございます" part is a polite suffix, making the phrase more formal. In casual settings, such as among close friends or family, simply "おはよう" can be used. 

Note: "こんばんは" is used as a greeting in the evening, typically after sunset. Like "こんにちは," the "wa" in "こんばんは" is a particle written as "は" but pronounced "wa" due to its function as a topic marker in this context.

Note: "元気(げんき)ですか？" is a common way to ask someone how they are doing. 元気(げんき) means "health" or "vitality," and ですか turns it into a polite question. This phrase can be used in various settings, from casual to formal, depending on the relationship between the speakers. In a casual setting, it might be shortened to simply "元気(げんき)？"

Note: "元気(げんき)です" is the standard response to "元気(げんき)ですか？" meaning "I'm fine" or "I'm well." "元気(げんき)" (genki) means "health" or "vitality," and "です" (desu) is a copula that adds politeness. In casual conversations, it might be shortened to just "元気(げんき)."

Note: "最近(さいきん)どうですか？" is used to ask someone how they have been lately. "最近(さいきん)" (saikin) means "recently," "どう" (dou) means "how," and "ですか" (desu ka) makes it a polite question. This phrase is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts to catch up with someone you haven't seen in a while.

Note: "ひさしぶり" is a casual way to say "It's been a while" or "Long time no see." A more formal version with the polite お prefix and polite copula is "おひさしぶりです" (ohisashiburi desu). This phrase is commonly used when meeting someone after a long time.

Note: "ようこそ" means "Welcome" and is used to greet someone arriving at a place, such as a home, store, or event. It is a warm and hospitable expression. In more formal settings, you might hear "いらっしゃいませ" (irasshaimase), especially in stores or restaurants.

Note: "バイバイ" is a casual and informal way to say "Bye bye." It is commonly used among friends, family, and especially children. It is derived from the English "Bye bye" and is not typically used in formal settings.

Note: "じゃあ、またね" is a casual way to say "See you later." "じゃあ" (jaa) means "well then" or "in that case," and "またね" (mata ne) means "again" or "later." This expression is often used among friends and close acquaintances. In more formal situations, you might use "では、また" (dewa, mata).

Note: "さようなら" is a more formal way to say "Good-bye." It is used when you expect not to see the person for a while or in more serious contexts. It conveys a sense of finality, so it's less common among close friends who expect to meet again soon.

Note: "気(き)をつけて" is used to tell someone to take care or be careful. "気(き)" (ki) means "spirit" or "mind," and "つけて" (tsukete) is the te-form of "つける" (tsukeru), meaning "to attach" or "to apply." Literally, it means "attach your mind," but it's understood as "be careful" or "take care." It's a common phrase when parting ways, wishing for someone's safety.

Note: "失礼(しつれい)します" is a polite way to excuse oneself when leaving a room or ending a conversation. "失礼(しつれい)" (shitsurei) means "rudeness" or "impoliteness," and "します" (shimasu) means "to do." Literally, it means "I am going to be rude," but it is used to show respect and politeness. This phrase is often used in professional settings.

Note: "おやすみなさい" is a polite way to say "Good night" before going to bed. "おやすみ" (oyasumi) means "rest" or "sleep," and "なさい" (nasai) is a polite imperative form. In casual settings, you can simply say "おやすみ" (oyasumi).

Note: "おやすみ" is the casual form of "おやすみなさい," meaning "Good night." It is commonly used among family members, close friends, or people in informal settings.

Note: "すみません" is a versatile phrase that can mean "Excuse me," "I'm sorry," or "Thank you," depending on the context. It is often used to get someone's attention, apologize for a minor inconvenience, or express gratitude for someone's trouble. In more formal settings, "申(もう)し訳(わけ)ありません" (moushiwake arimasen) can be used for a stronger apology.

Note: "ごめんなさい" is a polite way to apologize, often used when the speaker feels regret or seeks forgiveness. "ごめん" (gomen) means "sorry," and "なさい" (nasai) adds a polite imperative form. In casual settings, it can be shortened to "ごめん" (gomen).

Note: "申(もう)し訳(わけ)ございません" is a very formal and sincere apology. "申(もう)し訳(わけ)" (moushi wake) means "excuse" or "apology," and "ございません" (gozaimasen) is a polite negation. This phrase is often used in professional settings or situations requiring a high level of formality, indicating deep regret and responsibility.

Note: "ありがとう" is a casual way to say "Thank you." It is often used among friends, family, or in informal settings. The full, more polite version is "ありがとうございます" (arigatou gozaimasu), which is used to show greater respect and gratitude.

Note: "どうもありがとうございます" is a very polite and formal way to say "Thank you very much." "どうも" (doumo) adds emphasis, showing a high level of gratitude. This phrase is appropriate in formal settings or when expressing sincere appreciation.

Note: "どういたしまして" is the standard way to say "You're welcome" in response to "Thank you." It is derived from "どう" (dou, how) and "致(いた)す" (itasu, to do), literally meaning "How could it be otherwise?" It is a polite and humble way to acknowledge someone's thanks.

Note: "初(はじ)めまして" is used as a greeting when meeting someone for the first time. "初(はじ)め" (hajime) means "beginning," and "まして" (mashite) is a polite suffix. This phrase is often followed by "どうぞよろしくお願(ねが)いします" (douzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu) to express looking forward to a good relationship.

Note: "どうぞよろしくお願(ねが)いします" is a polite phrase used when meeting someone for the first time, often following "初(はじ)めまして." "どうぞ" (douzo) means "please," "よろしく" (yoroshiku) means "favorably" or "well," and "お願(ねが)いします" (onegaishimasu) is a polite request. Together, it conveys the meaning of "Please treat me well" or "I look forward to working with you."

Note: "日本語(にほんご)が少(すこ)し話(はな)せます" is a helpful phrase for beginners to express their ability to speak a little Japanese. "日本語(にほんご)" (nihongo) means "Japanese language," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "少(すこ)し" (sukoshi) means "a little," and "話(はな)せます" (hanasemasu) is the polite potential form of "話(はな)す" (hanasu), meaning "to speak."

Note: "英語(えいご)が分(わ)かりますか？" is used to ask if someone understands English. "英語(えいご)" (eigo) means "English," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "分(わ)かります" (wakarimasu) means "understand" in the polite form, and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "私(わたし)はアメリカから来(き)ました" is used to say "I am from America." "私(わたし)は" (watashi wa) means "I," with "は" (wa) as the topic marker, "アメリカ" (amerika) means "America," "から" (kara) means "from," and "来(き)ました" (kimashita) is the past polite form of "来(く)る" (kuru—notice this is one of the few irregular verbs), meaning "to come."

Note: "私(わたし)は＿＿です" is a basic self-introduction phrase. "私(わたし)は" (watashi wa) means "I," with "は" (wa) as the topic marker, and "です" (desu) is the polite copula, equivalent to "am" in English. You can fill in the blank with your name, occupation, or other relevant information.

Note: "私(わたし)の名前(なまえ)は＿＿です" is used to introduce your name. "私(わたし)の" (watashi no) means "my," "名前(なまえ)" (namae) means "name," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, and "です" (desu) is the polite copula. This phrase is a straightforward and polite way to introduce oneself.

Note: "私(わたし)は＿＿と申(もう)します" is a more formal way to introduce your name. "私(わたし)は" (watashi wa) means "I," "と" (to) is a quotation particle, and "申(もう)します" (moushimasu) is the humble form of "言(い)います" (iimasu), meaning "to say." This phrase is often used in formal settings or when you want to show respect.

Note: "お名前(なまえ)は？" is a polite way to ask someone's name. "お" (o) is an honorific prefix, "名前(なまえ)" (namae) means "name," and "は" (wa) is the topic marker. This phrase is a shortened version of "お名前(なまえ)は何(なん)ですか？" (onamae wa nan desu ka?), which literally means "What is your name?" When the meaning is clear, it is more natural to abbreviate like this in Japanese.

Note: "こちらは___さんです" is used to introduce someone to others. "こちら" (kochira) means "this person" or "this way," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, and "さん" (san) is a polite suffix added to names. This phrase is appropriate for both formal and informal introductions.

Note: "もう一回(いっかい)言(い)ってください" is a polite way to ask someone to repeat what they said. "もう" (mou) means "again," "一回(いっかい)" (ikkai) means "one time," "言(い)って" (itte) is the te-form of "言(い)う" (iu), meaning "to say," and "ください" (kudasai) is a polite request form.

Note: "～とは日本語(にほんご)でなんと言(い)いますか？" is used to ask how to say something in Japanese. "とは" (to wa) is a topic marker indicating the word or phrase in question, "日本語(にほんご)で" (nihongo de) means "in Japanese," "なんと" (nan to) means "how" or "what," and "言(い)いますか" (iimasu ka) is the polite form of "言(い)う" (iu), meaning "to say." This is a useful phrase for language learners.

Note: "あのう、すみませんが・・・" is a polite way to preface a request or question. "あのう" (anou) is a hesitation sound, similar to "um" or "uh," "すみません" (sumimasen) means "excuse me" or "sorry," and "が" (ga) is a conjunction meaning "but." This phrase is often used to politely get someone's attention or ask for help.

Note: "はい、そうです" is a polite way to affirm something, meaning "Yes, that's right." "はい" (hai) means "yes," and "そうです" (sou desu) means "it is so" or "that's right." This phrase is often used in conversations to confirm statements or answers.

Note: "その通(とお)りです" is used to strongly agree with or confirm something, meaning "That's exactly right." "その" (sono) means "that," and "通(とお)り" (toori) means "way" or "manner." Together, it conveys the meaning of "That's exactly how it is" or "You're absolutely right."

Note: "いいえ、違(ちが)います" is used to politely indicate that something is incorrect. "いいえ" (iie) means "no," and "違(ちが)います" (chigaimasu) means "is different" or "is wrong." This phrase is commonly used to correct misunderstandings or errors.

Note: "分(わ)かりません" is used to indicate that you do not understand something. "分(わ)かる" (wakaru) means "to understand," and "ません" (masen) is the negative polite form.

Note: "よく分かりません" is a more specific way to say "I don't really understand." "よく" (yoku) means "well" or "fully," and "分(わ)かりません" (wakarimasen) means "don't understand." This phrase indicates a partial understanding or confusion and can be used to ask for further clarification.

Note: "分(わ)かりますか？" is used to ask if someone understands. "分(わ)かります" (wakarimasu) means "understand" in the polite form, and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "はい、分(わ)かります" is used to affirm that you understand something. "はい" (hai) means "yes," and "分(わ)かります" (wakarimasu) means "understand" in the polite form.

Note: "そうですか？" is used to show interest or surprise, meaning "Is that so?" or "Really?" "そう" (sou) means "so" or "that way," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form. This phrase is often used to keep a conversation going or to express curiosity.

Note: "本当(ほんとう)ですか？" is used to ask if something is true or to express surprise, meaning "Is that true?" or "Are you sure?" "本当(ほんとう)" (hontou) means "truth" or "reality," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form. This phrase is often used to confirm surprising or important information.

Note: "おなかがすきました" is a polite way to say "I'm hungry." "おなか" (onaka) means "stomach," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, and "すきました" (sukimashita) is the past polite form of "すく" (suku), meaning "to become empty." This phrase literally means "My stomach has become empty."

Note: "どこか" (dokoka) means "somewhere," "で" (de) is a particle indicating location, "食(た)べましょう" (tabemashou) is the volitional form of "食(た)べる" (taberu), meaning "to eat," and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

"用意(ようい)" (youi) means "preparation," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, and "できました" (dekimashita) is the past polite form of "できる" (dekiru), meaning "to be able to" or "to be ready."

Note: "色々(いろいろ)" (iroiro) means "various" or "many things," "ありがとうございました" (arigatou gozaimashita) is the past polite form of "thank you," where "ありがとうございました" is used to express gratitude for something that has already happened.

Note: "教(おし)えて" (oshiete) is the te-form of "教(おし)える" (oshieru), meaning "to teach" or "to inform," "くださって" (kudasatte) is the te-form of "くださる" (kudasaru), meaning "to give" (a respectful way of saying someone did something for you), and "ありがとう" (arigatou) means "thank you."

Note: "だれか" (dareka) means "someone," "英語(えいご)" (eigo) means "English," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, and "話(はな)せますか" (hanasemasuka) is the polite potential form of "話(はな)す" (hanasu), meaning "to speak."

Note: "電話(でんわ)" (denwa) means "phone," "を" (o) is the object marker, "使(つか)って" (tsukatte) is the te-form of "使(つか)う" (tsukau), meaning "to use," "も" (mo) means "also" or "even," "いい" (ii) means "good" or "okay," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "駅(えき)" (eki) means "station," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "どこ" (doko) means "where," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "お手洗(てあら)い" (otearai - bathroom) literally means "hand washing," where "お" (o) is an honorific prefix, "手" (te) means "hand," and "洗い" (arai) means "washing." "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "どこ" (doko) means "where," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "これ" (kore) means "this," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "どういう" (dou iu) means "what kind of" or "how," "意味(いみ)" (imi) means "meaning," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "いいえ" (iie) means "no," and "結構(けっこう)です" (kekkou desu) means "that's fine" or "no, thank you." "結構(けっこう)" (kekkou) literally means "splendid" or "enough," and "です" (desu) is the polite copula. This phrase is used to politely decline an offer.

Note: "～はどこですか？" is used to ask for the location of something. "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "どこ" (doko) means "where," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form. You can insert any noun before "は" to ask for its location.

Note: "～がほしいです" is used to express a desire for something. "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "ほしい" (hoshii) means "want" or "desirable," and "です" (desu) is the polite copula. You can insert any noun before "が" to express that you want it.

Note: "～が好(す)きです" is used to express liking or fondness for something. "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "好(す)き" (suki) means "like" or "fond of," and "です" (desu) is the polite copula. You can insert any noun before "が" to express that you like it.

Note: "病気(びょうき)です" means "I'm sick" or "I'm ill." "病気(びょうき)" (byouki) means "illness" or "sickness," and "です" (desu) is the polite copula. This phrase is used to indicate that someone is unwell.

Note: "迷子(まいご)です" means "I'm lost." "迷子(まいご)" (maigo) literally means "lost child," where "迷" (mai) means "to get lost" and "子" (ko) means "child." "です" (desu) is the polite copula.

Note: "助(たす)けて" is an urgent call for help. "助(たす)ける" (tasukeru) means "to help" or "to save," and the te-form "助(たす)けて" is used as an imperative in emergencies to ask for immediate assistance.

Note: "危(あぶ)ない" means "dangerous" or "look out." This phrase is often used to warn someone of immediate danger. The kanji 危 itself means "dangerous" or "risky," and it is commonly used as an exclamation to alert others to potential hazards.

Note: "警察(けいさつ)" means "police." This word can be used to call out for police assistance. "警" (kei) means "guard" or "watch," and "察" (satsu) means "guess" or "perceive." Together, they form the word for "police."

Note: "火事(かじ)" means "fire" in the context of a fire emergency. "火" (ka) means "fire," and "事" (ji) means "incident" or "affair."

Note: "地震(じしん)" means "earthquake." "地" (ji) means "earth" or "ground," and "震" (shin) means "quake" or "tremor."

Note: "お元気(げんき)でしたか？" is a polite way to ask someone how they have been. "お" (o) is an honorific prefix, "元気(げんき)" (genki) means "health" or "vitality," "でした" (deshita) is the past polite form of "です" (desu), and "か" (ka) is the question particle. Since it is in the past tense, it is used when you haven’t seen someone in a while and you are asking how they have been (since the last time you met).

Note: "最近(さいきん)はどうですか？" is used to ask someone how things have been recently. "最近(さいきん)" (saikin) means "recently" or "lately," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "どう" (dou) means "how," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "学校(がっこう)はどうですか？" is used to ask someone about their school life. "学校(がっこう)" (gakkou) means "school," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "どう" (dou) means "how," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "仕事(しごと)は忙(いそが)しいですか？" is used to ask someone if they are busy with work. "仕事(しごと)" (shigoto) means "work" or "job," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "忙(いそが)しい" (isogashii) means "busy," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form. This phrase is commonly used to ask about someone's workload or work-related busyness.

Note: "テレビでも見(み)ますか？" is used to suggest watching TV but other activities are possible. "テレビ" (terebi) means "TV," "でも" (demo) means "even" or "perhaps" (often used to make a casual suggestion which gives the listener a way to choose some other activity), "見(み)ます" (mimasu) means "to watch," and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "面白(おもしろ)い番組(ばんぐみ)をやっています" is used to say that an interesting TV show is on. "面白(おもしろ)い" (omoshiroi) means "interesting" or "fun," "番組(ばんぐみ)" (bangumi) means "TV show" or "program," "を" (o) is the object marker, and "やっています" (yatte imasu) means "is being aired" or "is on" (from the verb "やる" (yaru), meaning "to do" or "to perform").

Note: "何(なに)がしたいですか？" is used to ask someone what they want to do. "何(なん)" (nani) means "what," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "したい" (shitai) is the "want to" form of the verb "する" (suru), meaning "to do," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "テレビゲームをやりますか？" is used to ask someone if they would like to play a video game. "テレビゲーム" (terebi ge-mu) means "video game," "を" (o) is the object marker, "やります" (yarimasu) means "to play" or "to do," and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "何(なに)がありますか？" is used to ask what is available or what someone has. "何(なん)" (nani) means "what," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "あります" (arimasu) means "to have" or "to exist" for inanimate objects, and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "何(なに)か飲(の)みたいですか？" is used to ask someone if they would like to drink something. "何(なに)か" (nani ka) means "something," "飲(の)みたい" (nomitai) is the "want to" form of the verb "飲(の)む" (nomu), meaning "to drink," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "いいえ" (iie) means "no," "結構(けっこう)" (kekkou) means "fine" or "sufficient," and "です" (desu) is the polite copula. This phrase is used to politely decline an offer, similar to saying "No, thank you" in English.

Note: "はい" (hai) means "yes," "水(みず)" (mizu) means "water," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "欲(ほ)しい" (hoshii) means "want" or "desirable," and "です" (desu) is the polite copula. This phrase is used to politely express a desire for water.

Note: "コーラ" (ko-ra) means "cola," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "あります" (arimasu) means "to have" or "to exist" for inanimate objects, and "か" (ka) is the question particle. This phrase is used to ask if cola is available.

Note: "コーヒー" (ko-hi-) means "coffee," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "いかが" (ikaga) means "how" or "how about," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form. This phrase is a polite way to offer coffee to someone.

Note: "赤(あか)ワイン" (aka wain) means "red wine," "か" (ka) is a conjunction meaning "or," "白(しろ)ワイン" (shiro wain) means "white wine," "どっち" (dotchi) means "which," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "好(す)き" (suki) means "like," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form.

Note: "お茶(ちゃ)" (ocha) means "(green) tea," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "飲(の)みたい" (nomitai) is the "want to" form of the verb "飲(の)む" (nomu), meaning "to drink," and "です" (desu) is the polite copula.

Note: "紅茶(こうちゃ)" (koucha) means "(black) tea," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "あります" (arimasu) means "to have" or "to exist" for inanimate objects, and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "喉(のど)" (nodo) means "throat," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, and "渇(かわ)きました" (kawakimashita) is the past polite form of "渇(かわ)く" (kawaku), meaning "to become thirsty." This phrase literally means "My throat has become dry," and is used to express thirst.

Note: "何(なに)か" (nani ka) means "something," "食(た)べたい" (tabetai) is the "want to" form of the verb "食(た)べる" (taberu), meaning "to eat," and "ですか" (desu ka) is the polite question form

Note: "はい" (hai) means "yes," "何(なん)" (nani) means "what," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, "あります" (arimasu) means "to have" or "to exist" for inanimate objects, and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "ピザ" (piza) means "pizza," "を" (o) is the object marker, "注文(ちゅうもん)しましょう" (chuumon shimashou) is the volitional form of "注文する" (chuumon suru), meaning "to order," and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "ここ" (koko) means "here," "で" (de) is a particle indicating location, "食べましょう" (tabemashou) is the volitional form of "食べる" (taberu), meaning "to eat," and "か" (ka) is the question particle. This phrase is used to suggest eating at the current location.

Note: "お腹(なか)" (onaka) means "stomach," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, and "すきました" (sukimashita) is the past polite form of "すく" (suku), meaning "to become empty." This phrase literally means "My stomach has become empty," and is the most common way to express hunger.

Note: "座(すわ)って" (suwatte) is the te-form of "座(すわ)る" (suwaru), meaning "to sit," and "ください" (kudasai) is a polite request form. This phrase is used to politely ask someone to sit down.

Note: "ちょっと" (chotto) means "a little" or "a moment," "来(き)て" (kite) is the te-form of "来(く)る" (kuru), meaning "to come," and "ください" (kudasai) is a polite request form. 来(く)る is one of the very few irregular verbs. Note how it changes to き in the て form.

Note: "これ" (kore) means "this," "を" (o) is the object marker, "見(み)て" (mite) is the te-form of "見(み)る" (miru), meaning "to look" or "to see," and "ください" (kudasai) is a polite request form.

Note: "散歩(さんぽ)" (sanpo) means "walk" or "stroll," "を" (o) is the object marker, "しましょう" (shimashou) is the volitional form of "する" (suru), meaning "to do," and "か" (ka) is the question particle.

Note: "ちょっと" (chotto) means "a little" or "a moment," "話(はなし)" (hanashi) means "talk" or "story," "が" (ga) is the subject marker, and "あります" (arimasu) means "to have" or "to exist" for inanimate objects.

Note: "おめでとう" (omedetou) means "congratulations," and "ございます" (gozaimasu) is a polite suffix. This phrase is used to congratulate someone on their achievements or good news.

Note: "本日(ほんじつ)" (honjitsu) means "today," "は" (wa) is the topic marker, "おめでとうございます" (omedetou gozaimasu) means "congratulations" with a polite suffix. This somewhat formal phrase is used to congratulate someone on a specific happy occasion, such as a wedding or a celebration. The kanji is 本日(ほんじつ) (literally present / real day) which is the opposite of the word for Japan 日本(にほん) (literally sun origin). Notice the sound change with 日 and the different meaning for 本(ほん). 本(ほん) has a few core meanings including: book, main, origin, true, and as a counter for long cylindrical things. Most kanji have only one core meaning, but a few very useful kanji like 本(ほん) are exceptions.

Note: "お待(ま)たせしました" (omatase shimashita) is used to apologize for making someone wait. "お" (o) is an honorific prefix, "待(ま)たせ" (matase) is the causative form of "待(ま)つ" (matsu), meaning "to wait," and "しました" (shimashita) is the past polite form of "する" (suru), meaning "to do." This phrase literally means "I have caused you to wait" and is a polite apology for the delay.

Note: "ご迷惑(めいわく)" (gomeiwaku) means "trouble" or "inconvenience," with "ご" (go) being an honorific prefix, "を" (o) is the object marker, "おかけしました" (okake shimashita) is the past polite form of "おかけする" (okake suru), meaning "to cause" or "to trouble." This phrase is a polite apology for causing inconvenience or trouble.

Note: "申(もう)し訳(わけ)" (moushi wake) means "excuse" or "apology," and "ございません" (gozaimasen) is the polite negative form of "ございます" (gozaimasu), meaning "to be" or "to exist." This phrase is a very formal and sincere apology, expressing deep regret and taking responsibility for the wrongdoing.

Note: "恐(おそ)れいります" (osore irimasu) is a formal expression meaning "I beg your pardon" or "Excuse me." "恐(おそ)れ" (osore) means "fear" or "concern," and "いります" (irimasu) means "to need" or "to require." "が" (ga) is a conjunction meaning "but." This phrase is used to politely preface a request or interruption.

Note: "すみません" (sumimasen) means "excuse me" or "sorry," and "が" (ga) is a conjunction meaning "but." This phrase is used to politely get someone's attention before making a request or asking a question.

Note: "お大事に" (odaiji ni) is a phrase used to wish someone well, particularly when they are ill or recovering from an illness. "お" (o) is an honorific prefix, "大事" (daiji) means "important" or "precious," and "に" (ni) is a particle indicating direction or purpose. This phrase literally means "Take care of your important self."

Note: "もう" (mou) means "already," "こんな" (konna) means "such" or "like this," and "時間(じかん)" (jikan) means "time." This phrase is used to express surprise at how much time has passed. This is more of a self-directed exclamation but is often used in Japanese.

Note: "お疲(つか)れさまでした" (otsukaresama deshita) is a phrase used to acknowledge someone's hard work or effort, often at the end of the day or after a task is completed. "お" (o) is an honorific prefix, "疲(つか)れさま" (tsukaresama) means "tiredness" or "fatigue" (with "さま" (sama) being a respectful suffix), and "でした" (deshita) is the past polite form of "です" (desu). This phrase can be translated as "Thank you for your hard work" or "Good job."